America’s transition to clean energy is being delayed by a dispute over solar panels made in China, amid concern over slave labour in Xinjiang region.
More than 1,000 shipments of solar energy components worth hundreds of millions of dollars have piled up at US ports since June when a new law banning imports from Xinjiang took effect, customs officials and industry sources say.
The level of seizures, which has not previously been reported, reflects how a policy intended to heap pressure on Beijing over its Uyghur detention camps in Xinjiang risks has slowed the Biden administration’s efforts to decarbonise the US power sector to fight climate change.
US Customs and Border Protection has seized 1,053 shipments of solar energy equipment between June 21, when the Uyghur Forced Labor Protection Act went into effect, and October 25, it said in response to a public records request, adding none of the shipments have yet been released.
The agency would not reveal the manufacturers or confirm details about the quantity of solar equipment in the shipments, citing federal law that protects confidential trade secrets.
Three industry sources with knowledge of the matter, however, said the detained products include panels and polysilicon cells likely amounting to up to 1 gigawatt of capacity and primarily made by three Chinese manufacturers – Longi Green Energy Technology, Trina Solar and JinkoSolar Holding.
Combined, Longi, Trina and Jinko typically account for up to a third of US panel supplies. But the companies have halted new shipments to the United States over concerns additional cargoes will also be detained, the industry sources said.
The sources asked not to be named because they were not authorized to speak publicly on the matter.
‘Vocational Training Centres’
China denies abuses in Xinjiang. Beijing initially denied the existence of any detention camps, but then later admitted it had set up “vocational training centres” necessary to curb what it said was terrorism, separatism and religious radicalism in Xinjiang.
Neither China’s foreign ministry nor the China Photovoltaic Industry Association responded immediately to requests for comment.
Last month, Li Gao, the head of the climate change office at the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said some countries “fabricate reasons to suppress China’s photovoltaic enterprises…damaging the global collective effort to fight climate change”.
In an email, Jinko said it is working with CBP on documentation proving its supplies are not linked to forced labour and is “confident the shipments will be admitted.”
Longi and Trina did not respond to requests for comment.
Solar Installations Delayed
The bottleneck is a challenge to US solar development at a time the Biden administration is seeking to decarbonize the US economy and implement the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), a new law that encourages clean energy technologies to combat climate change.
Solar installations in the United States slowed by 23% in the third quarter, and nearly 23 gigawatts of solar projects are delayed, largely due to an inability to obtain panels, according to the American Clean Power Association trade group.
ACP urged the Biden administration to streamline the vetting process for imports.
“After more than four months of solar panels being reviewed under UFLPA, none have been rejected and instead they remain stuck in limbo with no end in sight,” it said in a statement.
The UFLPA essentially presumes that all goods from Xinjiang are made with forced labour and requires producers to show sourcing documentation of imported equipment back to the raw material to prove otherwise before imports can be cleared.
CBP would not comment on the length of the detainments or say when they might be released or rejected. “Ultimately, it is contingent upon how quickly an importer is able to submit sufficient documentation,” CBP spokesperson Rhonda Lawson said.
Longi, Trina and Jinko source most of their polysilicon from US and European suppliers such as Hemlock Semiconductor, a Michigan-based joint venture between Corning and Shin-Etsu Handotai, and Germany’s Wacker Chemie, the industry sources said.
A Wacker spokesperson would not comment on the US detainments but said the company sources quartzite from suppliers in Norway, Spain and France.
“Our procurement strategy gives us every reason to be confident that the products used in our supply chain are made in a manner that respects human rights,” spokesperson Christof Bachmair said.
Hemlock said in a statement that it sources all metallurgical-grade silicon from suppliers using quartz mined in North and South America.
CBP has previously said that it had detained about 1,700 shipments worth $516.3 million under UFLPA through September but has never before detailed how many of those shipments contained solar equipment.
The EU has also proposed a ban on products from Xinjiang but has not implemented one.
- Reuters with additional editing by Jim Pollard
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